Comparative study designs and what they show

Styrene: toxicity studies--what do they show?

Styrene is efficiently metabolized to styrene oxide, which is itself readily detoxified by the same enzymes as those involved in the metabolism of various foodstuffs. Styrene oxide, like many intermediate metabolites of foodstuffs, is genotoxic and, if introduced directly into the stomachs of rodents in high doses/concentrations, gives rise to cancers of the forestomach. Exposing mice to doses ...

Author ’ s Reply - What Semantic Maps Show and What They Are Good For

Comparative Study of Anchored Wall Performance with Two Facing Designs

The present study compared the performance of soldier pile and concrete bearing pad anchored wall facings. Using Abaqus finite element software, two case studies have been precisely represented for the facing designs and effects of the parameters of soil type, spacing of anchors and facings, surcharge and facing sizes were investigated. The analysis results indicate that the soldier pile method...

Bone allografts: What they can offer and what they cannot.

Bone allografts can be used in any kind of surgery involving bone from minor defects to major bone loss after tumour resection. This review describes the various types of bone grafts and the current knowledge on bone allografts, from procurement and preparation to implantation. The surgical conditions for optimising the incorporation of bone are outlined, and surgeon expectations from a bone al...

Enterprise Knowledge Portals: What They Are and What They Do

The Enterprise is a continuous, dynamic “swirl” of problem-solving knowledgerelated Interactions from which knowledge is produced and integrated with the business processes of the enterprise. For a given problem generated by a business process, it is useful to abstract from the swirl and to conceptualize an iteration of a knowledge life cycle encompassing knowledge processes targeted on solving...